Conrad Hilton essays

Conrad Hilton essays A short background is needed to fully understand the drive that Conrad Hilton had to succeed. On his birth certificate read Conrad Nicholson Hilton, born in San Antonio, New Mexico Territory on December 25, 1887. His father Augustus Holver Hilton, a Norwegian immigrant, was a hard worker. August was a trader and an outstanding resident of San Antonio. Conrad saw his father working hard to make a living and caught hold of the American dream at a young age. His mother, Mary Laufersweiler, was the source of his faith. She was a devout Catholic, who imparted strong morals in her sons life. He was the oldest son in the family and this placed him in a more responsible role in the house, he was looked up to by his younger siblings. He was the second oldest child in the family of 8 children, with his older sister being the oldest. Connie, as he was known by close friends, attended Goss Military Institued, New Mexico Military Institute, and St. Michaels College. The family was doing well and August decided to move to California in the Long Beach area, Conrad said they moved, Because we were rich.(Be My Guest, 1957) August lost some money in a financial flop, so the family returned to San Antonio From his upbringing he learned two very valuable lessons. He learned what hard work was from watching his father run at different times: the post office, the bank, the telegraph office, and a small hotel. The second lesson that he learned was about prayer. With his mother being the devout catholic that she was, he learned quickly about prayer and the faith. Young Conrad got his first taste of the Hotel business when his family added some rooms onto their house because of how the family had grown. As the children began to move out, August and his wife ...

City Spotlight Tampa, FL

City Spotlight Tampa, FL historically, tampa bay, florida, has been known for its beaches, cigar manufacturing, and phosphate production. but did you also know it’s a thriving town filled with: festivals- from the annual gasparilla pirate festival to sunset music festival and tampapalooa, there is always something to do, see, drink, or eat in tampa, all year round.culture- the tampa museum of art, the ringling, and the straz performing arts center offer entertainment for all ages.public transit- the historic streetcar system will take you from downtown to ybor city and the channel district.food- don’t miss restaurants like datz for brunch, taco bus for mexican, and berns and charley’s for steak.sports- tampa’s sports saturation has something for everyone. major league baseball, football, and hockey call tampa home, and of course many mlb teams’ spring training facilities are just a car ride away.family-friendly activities- the new curtis hixon park and the tampa lowry park zoo provide the whole family with active outdoor fun.besides all the fun stuff, tampa is also an up-and-coming region for employment and housing opportunities.tampa bay’s astonishing 33,398 new job openings  last month were behind only atlanta (34,492), boston (38,101), los angeles (42,961) and no. 1 new york (43,879)!a city where young workers can thriveaccording to tampabay.org, the city ranked among the top 10 large metro areas for college-educated young talent on the move. the latest census data reveals that young people aged 25 to 29 are increasingly more mobile and willing to move to new cities- consider tampa if you’re about to be on the relocation market. the careeredge funders collaborative funds nonprofit workforce-development initiatives, and tampa is seeing the benefits of these kinds of investments.top industries in tampasome of america’s most promising companies are located in tampa bay. sarasota-based internet communication systems and service p rovider star2star communications was named among america’s 100 most promising companies in 2011 by forbes. according to fastcompany magazine, florida’s start-ups are also thriving. from the hub in sarasota, to tampa bay wave’s first wave program, to large events such as start-up weekend and initiatives like the tampa bay 6/20 plan, tampa bay’s entrepreneurs are keeping busy.overall, health care employs roughly 350,000 people in the greater tampa bay area, and broadly includes work in nursing, health administration, insurance, dentistry, nursing homes, clinics, pharmacies, health education, regulation, technology, specialized manufacturing and a host of other subsets of the industry.the university of south florida is ranked 50th in the nation for research expenditures by the national science foundation among all u.s. universities, public or private.a strong military presencetampa bay is home to macdill air force base, the only military installation that ho sts two 4-star combatant commands, the u.s. central command, and u.s. special operations command. macdill contributes $5 billion annually to the greater tampa bay economy.top employers from tampa1. baycare health system2. manpowergroup3.  robert half4. lowe’s5. randstad6. kelly services7. general dynamics information technology8. oracle9. citimost popular job types in tampa1.healthcare2.computers3.sales4.general5.financial services and bankingand if all of that weren’t compelling enough, tampa’s views are scenic and its bar scene is hopping- take a trip and see if you feel at home!

Watch the movie and follow questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Watch the movie and follow questions - Essay Example behaviour, the entire vicinity proves to express a lot of concern for Lars until he finds his new love Bianca who is not human but just a life-size doll that became known to him through a co-worker. Definitely, this kind of a friend is unusual and unreal, but even with that the entire family and the village so to say seems to be happy with Lars decision to live happily with a doll. Out of all characters performing this movie, it is only Gus, Lars’ brother who looks afraid of what other people would say about his brother’s inanimate relationship with a doll; otherwise, all others encourage Lars, including Dagmar the family doctor (Schwartzberg 110-1) What I find most interesting in the movie is the realism in the almost impossible affair that exists between Lars Lindstrom and the life-size doll Bianca. At first, we as the audience look at it as if it is impossibility and it would never happen that a real human would actually fall in love with a doll and actually treat it as a real human girlfriend. To make matters even more interesting, Lars’ acted confidence is able to convince almost everyone that Bianca was his only beloved friend and deserved to be treated with uttermost love, care and attention. Despite some doubt at the beginning, Gus, his brother buys into this idea to join a large number of other individuals in the village that preceded him in acknowledging the existence of at list a friend in the lonely life of Lars. What makes it even more interesting is the perspective and reasoning behind all the villagers and well-wishers that commented about the new relationship between Bianca the life-size doll and Lars the lonely worker. Their reasoning was all that really mattered at that particular time was the fact that finally Lars had a friend and could afford to have a smile on his cheeks; the rest they left to God. Finally, as I was watching the movie there is the aspect of Godliness that I find provocative in the way this aspect has been portrayed.

How Was Successful Nazi Policy In The Years 1933 - 1945 Essay

How Was Successful Nazi Policy In The Years 1933 - 1945 - Essay Example Two major groups bind the youth of the nation during the reign of Nazis. These groups comprise the Hitler youth group and league of the German maidens. In the youth group under the reign of Hitler led Nazi Germany, boys at the age of 10 were influenced to join the Jungvolk. At the age of 14, it is expected that the boys will join the Hitler youth committee. The Hitler led Nazi mainly focused towards enhancing the physical fitness along with proper military training for the youth right from the very beginning of the Nazi era. In addition, the membership of the youth in the Nazi movement made compulsory for the boys. On the other hand, ‘League of the German Maidens’ predominately included the German girls. Nazi led German was also focused towards providing training to the teenagers so that they could join the Nazi defense force. Hitler also instructed schools that the girls should be taught about Nationalist as well as racist beliefs so that they could embed well into the Nazi culture. In this particular regard, Hitler started the youth movement where the young girls of age 10-14 needed to learn the ideologies of Nazi along with other activities such as camping and athletics among others so that they could be able to get physical fitness and enhance the prospects of future Nazi soldier. The Hitler led Nazi Germany considered the youth of the country to be among the most vital assets. Contextually, they attempted to control girls and embed them into the Nazi culture right from the beginner stage.

Amoled Technology Essay Example for Free

Amoled Technology Essay Since 2001, funded by national and european programs, the Institute is developing new research lines focused on molecular magnets, molecular opto-electronic devices, molecular machines and supraand supermolecular structures with long lived electron transfer processes. The IcMol has employed more than 100 scientific researchers and is based at the Valencia University Campus. The Institute presents the most advanced systems for the preparation and characterization of organic light emitting diodes, organic solar cells and other molecule based opto-electronic devices. Main tasks in the project are the following: †¢ Preparation of p and n type solution processable charge injection layers †¢ Wet processing of optically or electronically active small molecules †¢ Hybrid and standard device preparation and characterization www. uv. es www. icmol. es Appendix 5:CombOLED Project, Partners Leti Leti is a CEA laboratory located in Grenoble which is one of the main European applied research centres in electronics. More than 85% of its activity is devoted to research that is conducted with outside partners. We are a partner to the industrial world, with 200 collaborators and 350 contracts a year. Leti has led to the creation of almost 30 start-ups in high-technology, including Soitec, the world leader in Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI). We files some 180 patents a year and manage a portfolio of 1,000 inventions protected by patents. Our main areas of activity are as follows: †¢Micro-and nano-technologies for microelectronics, †¢ Technologies, design and integration of microsystems, †¢ Imaging technologies, †¢ Micro- and nano-technologies for biology and health, †¢ Communication technologies and nomad objects. Leti is endowed with an annual budget of 174 Mâ‚ ¬ and employs 1,000 people with, in addition, more than 500 external collaborators (postgraduates, research partners and industrialists). We have 11,000m? of clean rooms, an equipment portfolio worth 200 Mâ‚ ¬ and we invest more than 40 Mâ‚ ¬ a year on new equipment. Leti is one of the main forces behind Minatec ®, Europe’s premier Centre of Excellence in Microand Nano-technologies. In the future Minatec ® is destined to bring together more than 4,000 researchers, industrialists and teaching staff in Grenoble. www-leti. cea. fr Appendix 5:CombOLED Project, Partners PPML PPML is one of the first European companies that are investing in OLED applications. PPML was born in 2005 with the aim to become the excellence in manufacturing OLED based solutions. Having collected a wide database of feasible applications, PPML is currently working in the deployment of some prototypes and general demonstrator in partnership with OSRAM-OS and with the aim to launch the first solutions in parallel with OLED introduction into the lighting market. PPML will contribute to CombOLED project leading the dissemination activities in order to accelerate OLED penetration to the final users. For this reason, PPML will lead a wide dissemination campaign through known channels like the organization of a specific Design Contest and special Workshops with the major European Design School. www. ppml. it Appendix 5:CombOLED Project, Partners Schreiner Group Innovation, Quality, Performance and Enthusiasm are the values of Schreiner Group based in Oberschleissheim near Munich. The family-owned business develops, designs and produces high-tech products. As certified system suppliers and development partners, seven specialized divisions offer a comprehensive range of innovative products and customized solutions. Schreiner ProTech delivers individual solutions for self-adhesive markings and functional components for engineering industries. Schreiner MediPharm focuses on self-adhesive products for medical technology and pharmaceuticals. Schreiner ProSecure offers a wide range of counterfeit-proof solutions for authenticity and value protection. Schreiner LogiData specializes in data carriers, transponders and complete systems based on RFID technology. Schreiner VarioLight develops and produces printed electronics, in particular high-grade electroluminescent lamps with electronic power supply and control components. Schreiner Systems offers complete solutions from consulting support and development of specifications, to delivery and installation of hard- and software, all the way to after-sales service. Schreiner Labels designs and produces labels for product marking and advertising. Schreiner Groups experience in printing electronic devices stems from various products including antennas, capacitive sensors and electroluminescent lamps.

Analysis of Glory Essay -- Movies Film Glory Civil War Essays

Analysis of Glory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Glory is a movie about the fifty-fourth Massachusetts regiment in the civil war. This was the first all black regiment the Union ever allowed to fight. Throughout the movie one quote kept proving itself true, â€Å"We went down standing up.† The members of the fifty-fourth proved that they wanted to go down standing up just by joining the army. However there were many situations that proved this further, as the film continued.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the regiment’s training period a message arrived at the camp. This message was a warning that all blacks found by confederates would be put to death, as well as their commanding officers. As a result of this warning Colonel Shaw was accepting any soldier’s resignations on the following morning. That morning Shaw was not expecting to see very many soldiers remaining, but to his surprise most all of the men were still there. With this act the men illustrated great bravery, and a willingness to take a stand for their beliefs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example of the quote occurred in the black regiment’s training camp. Soldiers were supposed to be paid thirteen dollars a month, but due to the fact that the regiment was black, they were to be paid only ten dollars. The soldiers refused to accept the pay cut and the prejudice that came along with it. They simply went without pay. They may have suffered an injustice by not getting any money for their services, but they would rather not have the money if it meant taking the racism that...

Internet Streaming: Replacing Cable and Dish

Joseph Thomas UNV-104 March 27, 2012 Kyle Smock Internet streaming: Replacing cable and dish People are mistaken who believe internet video streaming is a fringe market. Watching television programming through subscription services like cable and dish is becoming increasingly expensive while online video streaming is free or becoming cheaper with more content being added daily. Streaming is â€Å"the process of providing a steady flow of audio or video data so that an Internet user is able to access it as it is transmitted. (Daintith, 2004) In time internet video streaming will replace cable, dish, and over the air broadcasts as the main source of televised programming. It is easy to see that internet streaming is the wave of the future. With more and more people getting online with broadband connections to homes and mobile devices, there is an increasing realization that many are paying too much for cable and dish services when the same programming can be accessed for free or more inexpensively. Snider, 2011) They are also realizing that with video streaming there is no restriction on the time and place they can view the desired programming as long as it is after the original broadcast or in the case of cinematic films, after they are released from theatrical venues; in other words, video on demand. The convenience of â€Å"on demand† programming will allow a busy population to be more productive in other areas of their life when they do not have to schedule a time to watch their favorite shows. Although many shows, particularly live sports are currently being offered free to internet viewers in real time (e. . , ESPN3, NBC Sports, and CBS March Madness on Demand), this just adds to the attraction of video streaming. Clearly then, the entertainment industry is looking closely at the potential of video streaming both as another revenue source and a threat to traditional ad revenues. Hulu Tv is the internet’s leader in providing free premium conte nt to its viewers. â€Å"In addition to original backers NBC Universal and Fox, Hulu works with 150 content providers, including all of the major TV production companies with the exception of CBS, which is aggressively developing TV. com. (O’Leary, 2009) Rating services such as Nielson and comScore are at times at odds with the viewing numbers they are reporting which means gauging the actual numbers of viewers needs revising. Nevertheless, the growth of online viewing is attracting competition for Hulu, and Netflix the leading subscription service providing both films and TV shows. Cable giant Comcast for instance, has launched â€Å"Xfinity Streampix, which will give Comcast video subscribers a selection of older movies and prior-season TV shows that they can watch on TVs and Internet-connected devices. (Schechner, 2012) Admittedly, there are system requirements that need to be met in order to view streaming content on a computer, mobile device, or television set. (Some g ame consoles, such as Xbox360 and Playstation 3, and some Blu-Ray players can also be used. ) And providers may require certain software to be installed. It can be as little as ensuring the latest Adobe Flash Player and a video out jack are available on the receiving device, to proprietary software; e. g. , Netflix to regulate account access or to view content on Veetle. om- a free public streaming website. Peer to peer streaming and live event streaming are also becoming increasing popular. Individuals, small businesses, and large corporations are taking advantage of direct streaming. There are numerous free streaming sites and companies like Primcast that offer a wide variety of sales and technological services. Consequently, more and more consumers are â€Å"cutting the cord† to cable and dish. It only makes sense as budgets remain tight for many families and enterprises, and streaming quality and content continues to improve.A high definition premium cable package can rea ch more than $150 per month in contrast to Netflix’s current price of $7. 99 per month. Add the available free programming on Hulu and other sources and the savvy consumer who chooses to cut the cord could save over $1000 a year. That is a powerful inducement for many who are willing and able to embrace this burgeoning technology. References Daintith, J. (2004). â€Å"streaming. † A Dictionary of Computing. Retrieved from Encyclopedia. com: http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1O11-streaming. html O’Leary, N. 2009, May 25). Searching for Life on Hulu. Brandweek. 50 (21) Retrieved from http://www. marketingymedios. com/aw/content_display/special-reports/other-reports/e3i15f4e2b3b4a487b3cbb6ddcfb338c9e7 Schechner, S. (2012, February 22). Comcast Takes Aim at Netflix. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052970204909104577237321153043092. html Snider, M. (2011, September 12). More Consumers Spurn Cable TV bills. USA Today R etrieved from http://www. usatoday. com/MONEY/usaedition/2011-09-12-Cutcord-0830_CV_U. htm

Ethical Decision Making

Ethics-PHI 220 03/16/2012 Ethical Decision Making Paper Case Study: From Santa Clara University There are two types of surrogacy. One type involves a surrogate mother who uses her own egg and carries the baby for someone else. The other type is a â€Å"gestational surrogacy† in which the mother has no genetic tie to the child she carries. In the case presented, a gestational surrogate is used. A woman, after a bout with uterine cancer had a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). Before, its removal, however, she had several eggs removed for possible fertilization in the future.Now married, the woman wishes to have a child with her husband. Obviously she cannot bear the child herself, so the couple utilizes a company to find a surrogate mother for them. The husband's sperm is used to fertilize one of the wife's eggs, and is implanted in the surrogate mother. The couple pays all of the woman's pregnancy-related expenses and an extra $18,000 as compensation for her surrog acy, and after all expenses are taken into account the couple pays the woman approximately $31,000 and the agency approximately $5,000.Though the surrogate passed stringent mental testing to ensure she was competent to carry another couple's child, after carrying the pregnancy to term, the surrogate says that she has become too attached to â€Å"her† child to give it up to the couple. A legal battle ensues. Step 1: Gather Relevant Information The Surrogate is carrying a baby that has no genetic ties to her. The Surrogate was paid quiet well to do a service and decides not to follow through with the service.The surrogate now decides to keep the baby and the money because she has grown to close to the baby. Step 2: Type of ethical problem According to Markkula center for applied ethics, justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that are often today use d interchangeably. There have, however, also been more distinct understandings of the two terms.While justice usually has been used with reference to a standard of rightness, fairness often has been used with regard to an ability to judge without reference to one's feelings or interests; fairness has also been used to refer to the ability to make judgments that are not overly general but that are concrete and specific to a particular case. In any case, a notion of desert is crucial to both justice and fairness. (SCU)The most fundamental principle of justice—one that has been widely accepted since it was first defined by Aristotle more than two thousand years ago—is the principle that â€Å"equals should be treated equally and unequal’s unequally. † In its contemporary form, this principle is sometimes expressed as follows: â€Å"Individuals should be treated the same, unless they differ in ways that are relevant to the situation in which they are involve d. (SCU) By the surrogate keeping this baby, she is going against everything that was in the agreement.This baby has no attachment to the surrogate; it is the egg of the husband and wife who paid her to carry their child. In the United States it is illegal to pay a person for non-replenish able organs. The fear is that money will influence the poor to harm their bodies for the benefit of the rich. Is there a parallel between this case and this law? Can allowing surrogate mothers to be paid for their troubles allow poorer women to be oppressed? On their website, the AMA says â€Å"that surrogacy contracts [when the surrogate uses her own egg], while permissible, should grant the birth other the right to void the contract within a reasonable period of time after the birth of the child. If the contract is voided, custody of the child should be determined according to the child's best interests. † (SCU) However this is not the case with this couple, the couple used their own egg and implanted it into the surrogate so should the same rules apply? Step 3: Apply Ethical Theories and Approaches Ethical theory is divided into two main types or approaches in this case which are virtue and duty ethics.Virtue ethics begins by considering what makes a person (or his/her character or motives) morally good (Aristotle, Hume). Duty Ethics focuses on rules or acts and what makes them right (Mill, Kant, Rawls). (Ethical Theory) According to the both theories the surrogate should hand over the child to the biological parents. This surrogate has no real ties to the child and was paid for a service and is violating a contract by not providing the child she was paid to deliver. Step 4: Exploring Practical AlternativesWith this particular case there are not many alternatives. Option 1- being that the surrogate keeps the child and returns all the money she was paid to do the service and the money put out for her medical bills. The surrogate could also reimburse the couple for t heir time and heart ache. Option 2- The couple and the surrogate could go in front of a judge and have the judge decide what is best for the child and the people involved, and what the outcome shall be. Step 5: Complete the Action This is the most important step in the ethical decision making process.This is where the actions are carried out. After reviewing all the details and options for this case the most ethical thing to be done is for the surrogate mother to give the baby, who has no biological attachments to her back to the biological parents. The surrogate can keep the $18,000 she was paid for compensation for her time and expenses, plus the money put out for all her medical expenses. Works Cited â€Å"Justice and Fairness. † Santa Clara University. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Ethical Theory. † Web. . Ethical Decision Making Ethical Decision Making End of Life Submitted by: Anthony Mcdew Ethical nursing care Nurses are faced with ethical decision making on a daily basis. This could be both stressful and challenging. The following case study I chose to walk through is: Mr. Clarke is a patient who has advanced AIDS with related pain syndromes and is also actively abusing drugs. The nurse is concerned about his abusing his pain medications and is not sure if she should give them to him as he leaves the hospital. It will be my assumption that this patient is nearing the end of their life. The value, be, do ethical decision-making model will provide the framework I need to assess this case study (Schaffer and Norlander). I also will be using ethical decision making tools to guide my decision making process. What should I value? The first step of the value, be, do ethical decision-making model answers the question what should I value? It is time that I look deep into the meaning of my life in regards to my professional nursing practice. What do I value in life? The meaning of life for me involves personal and professional respect for my patient and his physician in charge of his care. This involves respecting my patient and his situation. Also, trusting the prescribing Physicians education and training is something I value. Along with valuing respect; I value quality end of life care for my patient. Every individual deserves a peaceful death with minimal pain and suffering if possible. To obtain this, I also need to value my relationship with my patient. Developing a trusting relationship is important for him and also me when dealing with uncomfortable conversations that may have to take place. Finally, I think that I value my education and critical thinking skills. These skills are important to value because I will have to make a decision if I think my patient can handle taking his own pain medications on his own. My education and critical thinking skills will guide me to problem resolution that has the best outcome for the patient. Who should I be? Not only is it important to understand what values impact my actions and decisions; it is also important to make sure my actions reflect my values. The values I have make sure that I am an advocate for my patient’s comfort as well as their safety. They also help me be an active and compassionate listener as well as a teacher. If I am a trustworthy person; my patient will hopefully feel comfortable talking to me about his addiction. Finally, to ensure a quality end of life experience for my patient, I will stay educated on medication dosages, side effects, and other treatments for pain. By critically thinking, I should be able to educate my patient and help communicate to the Physician about the patients concerns regarding pain addiction and pain control. What should I do? By understanding what I value and who I am; I now should be able to fulfill my actions. First, I feel that I should take time to analyze the patients past medical history and medications that helped his pain. Second, I will review the pain medications with the Physicians to ensure I have a proper understanding of his or her plan. Then I will review what is needed to provide quality end of life care with good pain control to a dying AIDS patient. After I feel that I have a great understanding of the situation; it is time I listen and talk with my patient. Assure them that I am there as their advocate for safe and complete end of life care. This may require me to act as a counselor or bring in interdisciplinary team members to assist my patient. My number one goal is to provide safe end of life care; but as painless and comfortable as possible. Analyze response to case study It is always challenging to give patients medications knowing that they may become, or have become addicted. In my current practice we see many patients who go to pain clinics and have pain contracts to help with their addiction and pain management. The difference is, my patients are not dying. Thiroux’s universal ethical principles allow nurses to take time and review the ethical situation. In my case study, I personally feel the Mr. Clarke has the right to a peaceful death if possible. The problem is that the medications we are giving him may kill him first. Thiroux’s principles allows for individual freedom and valuing life. My patient should have the freedom he needs to decide if the pain if worse or the addiction. Depending on how long he has to live, the addiction may be the least of his problems. I feel that I need to value his life and quality of life. Also, I need to understand that death most likely is going to happen. (Blackboard). Thiroux’s universal ethical principles allow nurses to assess the client situation; as well as the caring and justice model (blackboard). This model enhances how nurses feel about ethical problems. Mr. Clarke’s situations force me as his primary nurse to understand how to be an advocate for him and his situation. It also reminds me to use my compassion and virtue when caring and talking with him about his pain addiction. Finally, I have learned that solving or being part of an ethical dilemma can be easier on a nurse by incorporating spirituality. I think that by assessing Mr. Clarke’s spirituality; I may be able to help him with his addiction or suffering he is facing. Isaiah 43:4-5 says that â€Å"Since you are precious and honored in my sight, and because I love you, I will give men in exchange for you and people in exchange for your life†. It goes on to say that we should not be afraid because God is with us and will unite us together. This bible verses supports my belief that God is there for us as nurses and that he had a purpose for us. God gave us the power to support all situations. The verses also leads me to believe that the purpose of life is to help others physically, emotionally, or spiritually with whatever gifts you may have. I truly believe that God gave me the guidance I need to make this ethical decision on how to help Mr. Clarke. I believe that with proper education and assessment of his pain protocol; Mr. Clarke deserves to have pain relief. This can be done by having his medications monitored. However, they should not be withheld. God does not want suffering and either do I. Quality guidelines Domains of end of life quality care. The domains of end of life quality care that apply to my case study include: pain and symptom control, achieving a sense of control, and possibly strengthen the relationship with loved ones. It is my goal to provide quality end of life care to Mr. Clarke. This includes symptom and pain management. By allowing him to have a sense of control with his pain medications; he is able to help determine is end of life experience. Finally, by assessing Mr. Clarke’s relationship with his family I will be able to see if they can help him. There help could be support, symptom monitoring, and medication management. They also may be able to help him with alternative measures at times including: guided imagery, music therapy, massage etc. Bill of last rights. Not only is it important to understand the domains of end of life quality care; it is also important to remember the bill of last rights. These rights are consistent reminders of the rights dying patients have or basic human rights. Mr. Clarke has a right to control, to be comfortable, and the right to hear the truth. These rights remind me as his caregiver that he is part of this process as well as his medical care team. Even though I feel we still should prescribe his medications; I also believe that he is entitled to know that he has become addicted and how to work through it. Seven Promises. Another tool to use when assessing Mr. Clarkes case study would be reviewing the Seven Promises. The one promise that stands out the most to me is â€Å"never be overwhelmed by symptoms† (blackboard). This includes never having to â€Å"endure overwhelming pain, shortness of breath, or other symptoms (blackboard). This promise reminds me as his care giver that his care team needs to consistently be assessing his pain protocol and symptom management. The other promise that I feel would be beneficial to remember when caring for Mr. Clarke is â€Å"make the best of everyday† (blackboard). This allows the care team to remember that Mr. Clarke is an individual and each day we need to make sure we are helping him. Not only is it important to offer medications for pain management; it is also important to offer alternatives. Each day as his nurse I can document what time of day his pain is worse, what stimulus increases and decreases pain. Every day, I can do my best to help him make the best of his day. Precepts of Palliative care. The last option I have encountered that I can to do assess my patient’s situation is to analyze the organization. By reviewing the Precepts of care, I will be able to make sure the organization is not lacking in any areas that may help Mr. Clarke. This tools will allow us to make sure the organization is respecting the patients decisions, giving comprehensive care, utilize resources of team members, address caregivers concerns, and analyzing the environment (blackboard). This can ensure that not only I am providing good ethical care to my patient, as well as the organization and medical care team. Actions/Response After analyzing and utilizing all of the tools available to me; I have decided that Mr. Clarke deserves to get his pain medication. He is actively dying and has the right to pain and symptom control. It is easier to monitor his addiction then his suffering. The Physician is prescribing only a certain quantity of medications at a time. This can help the care team to monitor his addiction. I believe that the situation would be different if the patient was not dying. I believe that with my strong understanding of my values; I will be able to allow my actions to be appropriate. This will help guide me through â€Å"what should I do†? Ethical decision making is never an easy process. By having the proper tools, it can help medical care team members make a decision. It is my job to educate, counsel, support, and advocate for Mr. Clarke. I would need to be concerned with his medication addiction if he started to overdose. The case study said he is only having trouble with addiction. However, his medication management still needs to be closely monitored for this scenario. Ethical situations can change depending on the situation. I hold strong to by choice that Mr. Clarke needs his pain medications. Reference Bethel College of Nursing Department (n. d. ). Bethel University NURS344 Blackboard Course modules 2010, St. Paul MN. Schaffer, M. , Norlander, L. (2009) Being present A Nurse’s resource for end of life communication. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International. . Ethical Decision Making Ethics-PHI 220 03/16/2012 Ethical Decision Making Paper Case Study: From Santa Clara University There are two types of surrogacy. One type involves a surrogate mother who uses her own egg and carries the baby for someone else. The other type is a â€Å"gestational surrogacy† in which the mother has no genetic tie to the child she carries. In the case presented, a gestational surrogate is used. A woman, after a bout with uterine cancer had a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). Before, its removal, however, she had several eggs removed for possible fertilization in the future.Now married, the woman wishes to have a child with her husband. Obviously she cannot bear the child herself, so the couple utilizes a company to find a surrogate mother for them. The husband's sperm is used to fertilize one of the wife's eggs, and is implanted in the surrogate mother. The couple pays all of the woman's pregnancy-related expenses and an extra $18,000 as compensation for her surrog acy, and after all expenses are taken into account the couple pays the woman approximately $31,000 and the agency approximately $5,000.Though the surrogate passed stringent mental testing to ensure she was competent to carry another couple's child, after carrying the pregnancy to term, the surrogate says that she has become too attached to â€Å"her† child to give it up to the couple. A legal battle ensues. Step 1: Gather Relevant Information The Surrogate is carrying a baby that has no genetic ties to her. The Surrogate was paid quiet well to do a service and decides not to follow through with the service.The surrogate now decides to keep the baby and the money because she has grown to close to the baby. Step 2: Type of ethical problem According to Markkula center for applied ethics, justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that are often today use d interchangeably. There have, however, also been more distinct understandings of the two terms.While justice usually has been used with reference to a standard of rightness, fairness often has been used with regard to an ability to judge without reference to one's feelings or interests; fairness has also been used to refer to the ability to make judgments that are not overly general but that are concrete and specific to a particular case. In any case, a notion of desert is crucial to both justice and fairness. (SCU)The most fundamental principle of justice—one that has been widely accepted since it was first defined by Aristotle more than two thousand years ago—is the principle that â€Å"equals should be treated equally and unequal’s unequally. † In its contemporary form, this principle is sometimes expressed as follows: â€Å"Individuals should be treated the same, unless they differ in ways that are relevant to the situation in which they are involve d. (SCU) By the surrogate keeping this baby, she is going against everything that was in the agreement.This baby has no attachment to the surrogate; it is the egg of the husband and wife who paid her to carry their child. In the United States it is illegal to pay a person for non-replenish able organs. The fear is that money will influence the poor to harm their bodies for the benefit of the rich. Is there a parallel between this case and this law? Can allowing surrogate mothers to be paid for their troubles allow poorer women to be oppressed? On their website, the AMA says â€Å"that surrogacy contracts [when the surrogate uses her own egg], while permissible, should grant the birth other the right to void the contract within a reasonable period of time after the birth of the child. If the contract is voided, custody of the child should be determined according to the child's best interests. † (SCU) However this is not the case with this couple, the couple used their own egg and implanted it into the surrogate so should the same rules apply? Step 3: Apply Ethical Theories and Approaches Ethical theory is divided into two main types or approaches in this case which are virtue and duty ethics.Virtue ethics begins by considering what makes a person (or his/her character or motives) morally good (Aristotle, Hume). Duty Ethics focuses on rules or acts and what makes them right (Mill, Kant, Rawls). (Ethical Theory) According to the both theories the surrogate should hand over the child to the biological parents. This surrogate has no real ties to the child and was paid for a service and is violating a contract by not providing the child she was paid to deliver. Step 4: Exploring Practical AlternativesWith this particular case there are not many alternatives. Option 1- being that the surrogate keeps the child and returns all the money she was paid to do the service and the money put out for her medical bills. The surrogate could also reimburse the couple for t heir time and heart ache. Option 2- The couple and the surrogate could go in front of a judge and have the judge decide what is best for the child and the people involved, and what the outcome shall be. Step 5: Complete the Action This is the most important step in the ethical decision making process.This is where the actions are carried out. After reviewing all the details and options for this case the most ethical thing to be done is for the surrogate mother to give the baby, who has no biological attachments to her back to the biological parents. The surrogate can keep the $18,000 she was paid for compensation for her time and expenses, plus the money put out for all her medical expenses. Works Cited â€Å"Justice and Fairness. † Santa Clara University. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Ethical Theory. † Web. .

Maersk International Strategy

Maersk International Strategy Executive summary Globalization, international trade and improved cooperation among countries have led to an opportunity for companies to diversify their operations in countries different from their country of incorporation. When venturing in other countries, there is need for strategic management policies since different countries need different management approach.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Maersk International Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Maersk Line company offers its services to clienteles from different parts of the globe thus it has to make strategic decisions in that effect. The company is faced with a number of challenges that may hinder its attainment of corporate goals and objectives, however with timely, quality and responsive decisions, the company is bound to prosper. It should have strategically managed human capital, an integrated supply chain management, and well developed marketi ng strategies. Introduction According to Martin, 2005, scientific innovation and inventions have changed the way business is done; they have facilitated globalization and international ventures. With the invention, some companies/individuals saw the niche of operation and engaged in the business of facilitating international trade; they are service providers in transport and communication; such companies include Maersk Line (Martin, 2005). When operating in the Diasporas, they have to ensure they have to ensure they put on strategies that will facilitate competitiveness and increased business; the strategies must be effective enough to meet the changes in the globe as well as cover the cultural differences in different countries (Nagle and Holden, 2002). This paper analysis the international strategies adopted by Maersk Logistics company to remain competitive in the international market. Brief history of Maersk Line The idea to have a logistic company was triggered in 1970 by an inc reased need in specialized packaging and transportation of good both locally and internationally. These lead to incorporation of Maersk Line in 1977 (Maersk Line official website, 2010). When incorporated it was named as Mercantile. It is an international logistics company, which had its initial presence in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Globalization assisted the company to reach international business where it engaged in cargo-freight business transport (shipping and plane services) and through acquisition of various companies internationally like international freight company; the company is able to command a large position of world logistic industry.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the start of 21st century the company changed its name to Maersk Line Company. It has containers made to suit a certain cargo required to be transported and takes contracts to transport the good abroad. In some countries like USA, Australia, France and Finland, the company entered the markets through brokerage and take over’s. It had to wait until 2001 to enter Customers-Trade Partnership against Terrorism (C-TAP) in United States. The company does not have physical location in all countries of the world but accepts contracts to be made online for transportation of good. By logging in the company’s website one is able to contract for transportation of goods upon an agreement that is facilitated by user-friendly website. After the deal has been completed, monitoring of containers is done electronically to assist in return of empties. Other than engaging in packaging, the company has extended its services to shipping. It owns some ships which it transports cargo from one country to another. With increased trade, the company cannot have the time as well as resources to use traditional marketing strategies and convince its current base of custom ers of its services (Maersk Line official website, 2011). Maersk Logistics Company Mission statement The company has six missions that it aims at attaining they are: Understanding the needs of customers and ensuring that they are met. This is done through intensive research on modern logistics treads. Being the leader in logistic industry; this has been done through numerous acquisition that the company has embarked on Have a constant growth rate and remain competitive in the world of changing business treads. This is attained by approaching different counties and adopting policies that assure that the company remain competitive. Efficiency and cost reduction Personal motivation and development for its staffs Innovation in the era of changing business treads (Maersk Line official website, 2010). Maersk Logistics Company Vision statement The mission of the company is â€Å"We create opportunities for global commerce†. This is attained by developing a supply chain management that is aimed at giving the best service to their customers (Maersk Line official website, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Maersk International Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International strategies The following are the international strategies adopted by Maersk: International marketing strategy The company is an international one specializing with logistics, to ensure that it has a competitive edge, the company adopts various marketing tools. One of the tools that the company has adopted is customer-company relation creation where it keeps track with companies that it has transported for and ensures that they create a relationship good enough that the company can offer them another contract (Hisrich, 2010). In so doing the company, ensure that it retains the customers that it gets at one particular time. Customer satisfaction is a marketing tool that the company uses. When contracted to pack an d transport ones good whether using its transport machinery or loading it to another companies ship/plane, it ensures that the work is efficiently done (Oster, 1994). The approach of international marketing of the company is one that ensures that it develops and maintains customer loyalty; after it has been contracted and made the delivery; it is its initiative to call back the customer and seek to know whether the products got to him in the right form and shape. This approach has seen the company develop and become one of the most liked and respected international company; they ensure they serve their clients in the best method possible. The approach of the company is referred to as personal selling for a good customer- company relation. The company employs a 4p (product, price, promotion, and place) marketing mix strategy (Marketing Teacher Ltd, 2000). Products The company has two king of service that it offers: packaging services and transporting services. To serve its customer r ight, the company ensures that it makes it packages affordable and available to all classes of people.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Those people who are using freight have their special package. Those using water has their package, small and large-scale customers are incorporated. To remain competitive the company aims at improving its service to attain more customer satisfaction and loyalty. Lately it invented computer cargo tracking system that is one such development. Price The company’s prices are dictated by the bulkiness and the weight that a customer products has. This ensure that there is equality and those customers who are transporting small portions of goods are charged proportionately to these products. The electronic payment system facilitate for quick payment for service given. Place The company has physical station is some countries however in those countries that it does not have offices there are brokers or the website assists customers to get services from the company. Promotions To advertise for its service the company uses internet based advertising strategy where it advertises its pro ducts over the internet to ensure that potential customers all over the world can have access to information that they can use to buy from the company. There are major trading companies of the world, which the company has recognized, and it does direct marketing of such companies. They include coca- cola, Dell and HP. it contacts them directly and offers special rates. Other than the companies, there are the clearing agents. Some countries like Kenya and Australia require that for clearing of good to take place, there must be a clearing agent (Maersk Line official website, 2011). Trade fair marketing The company participated in trade fairs in different countries. In so doing, it gets a chance to show case its products and get a close customer interactions. As an indirect way of marketing, the company has adopted social corporate responsibility in its countries of incorporation and in other countries. An example of corporate responsibility is transportation of refugee food free of ch arge. This has assisted the company to get a better reputation than its competitors. Supply chain management Maersk integrated supply chain management operated in two folds; it has to ensure that the materials that it requires for its business are available in the best form and it ensures that the logistics business it is offering to its clients is effective. The company has a well-developed supply chain management where it uses various monitoring tools to ensure that good on transits are controlled. Supply chain management operated by the company ensures that goods reach the destination country in good shape. Computers are used to assist in management of these. Currently the company has employed a cargo tracking technology: where a computer chip is placed on a container that can offer the company information about the where about of a certain container. This assists in advising customers who may call in to inquire of where about of their cargo. The chip, through the technology is t esting stage, offers information about the place, the longitudinal location of a certain container, the expected time of arrival and the ship that is carrying the commodity. This is in the efforts of ensuring that the company meets its customers’ needs more effective. More specific in the area of logistics, the company employs four approaches they are: Third-Party Logistics Services This is where the company after the supply of goods it ensures that the containers are returned in good form to them. This is reverse logistics. Multiple Countries Consolidation, Collaboration and Integration Model This is where company has collaboration with different countries that a cargo can be transshipped from one ship to another to facilitate more trade efficiency. Vendor Management Inventory, Warehousing and Distribution This ensure that the company extends its services to the country of destination by offering warehouse services before clearance of good s but this is limited for a c ertain period of time. Pack to Order, Repackaging and Combo Packing This is an extended service where packaging of goods is done according to customer’s specifications (Kerin and Peterson, 2009). Global human resources Management Management of Maersk understands that for a successful business, and then they need to have an effectively managed human capital. In response to this understanding, the company employs from an international labor market, when employing, the company posts its advert in its website and recommends everybody who meets its minimum qualification needs to apply despite the nationality that the person comes from. In offices, the company has the highest number of employees as the nationals of the particular country and ensures they are managed effectively. To manage an international human capital, the company undertakes numerous cultural intelligence surveys to know the best approach to handle the human capital. The employees of the company are highly motiv ated; to motivate them, the human resources department has put in place some motivational policies like adequate payments, holidays, regular appraisals, training, and development. When making decisions, it is the company’s policy to involve their staffs, delegate power and empower them for continuity in the business. As far as it aims at assisting other companies operate effectively in the international trade, the company ensures that it looks not its human capital welfare (Haberbeg and Rieple, 2001) Automation, innovation and invention To remain competitive and continue meeting customers’ needs, Maersk has resulted to aggressive use of technology to improve its business, reduce operating costs and to improve customer feelings with its products. In the transport and logistics industry, the company has to deal with a number of enquiries from different parts of the world as people inquire for their cargo whereabouts; they ensure that they have close linkage with the tran sporting cargo so as to advice their customers effectively; in the different time zones, the company has a 24 hours operating approach. Occasionally, the company keeps developing new products and approaches to the business; this improves the way business is operated in the company and ensures that a number of options to customers. For example, the company invented/innovated the business of container sharing; where it can accept customers who have agreed to use the same container; this makes the products more affordable. Another innovation that the company has employed is the use of mini-containers; under this innovation, it allows a customer to buy space in a container then if the container is not full; the company introduces another micro container in the main container with the same number like the one of the main container. When charging the containers, it charges at a reduced cost yet maintains efficiency and transparency (Fred, 2008). Good leadership and efficient internal proc esses Maersk Line Company has an effective leadership team; the team is divided into different department each given some tasks to handle from an international angle; however all the leaders are under the leadership of Eivind Kolding, Chief Executive Officer. The following are the other leaders with their departments: Name Department Headed Hanne B. Sà ¸rensen Chief Commercial Officer Lucas Vos Chief Process Officer Peter Rà ¸nnest Andersen Chief Financial Officer Peter S. Linnemann Head of Human Resources Lars Reno Jakobsen Head of Network Product Morten Engelstoft Chief Operating Officer (Maersk Line official website, 2011). All the leaders above are professional who have wide experience in their areas of operations; they handle the business from an international angle and ensures that they align the business processes with the needs of the global market. When they are making decisions, it is the policy of the company to involve their subordinates (Kerin and P eterson, 2009). Adoption of E-business approach One area that Maersk has done recommendable well is the use of e-business applications; it has adopted policies that allow international customer to trade with the business. They include: E-money transfer: this is where the company accepts deposits made through electronic money transfer as sales settlements and payments, some of the acceptable money transfers accepted by the company are PayPal, western union, electronic money transfers, and wire transfers E-marketing: the company has implemented a number of electronic marketing approach to ensure it can communicate effectively with its customers; some of the tools they use include online marketing, social network marketing and website advertising Customer relation management, Business intelligence tools and Data mining approach: the company has embarked on massive use of technology to interpolate data and come up with the right approach to satisfy their customers (Rakesh, 2005). Reco mmendations to improve the services of Maersk Company The company can be applauded for adopting an E-marketing strategy but more need to be done to ensure that it remains competitive in the changing logistics industry. Some of the areas that it needs to improve are in online businesses. The company’s website has limited information that require to contact the customer care desk online; this sometimes is discouraging since one has to wait for a long period of time before he gets a response from the site. The reason for this is that the call centers are only in the head office. What the company needs to do is to decentralize this service and make it available to its brokers and local offices. This will go a mile ahead in improving customer’s satisfaction and increasing loyalty. There are some countries, which are potential markets for the products, but the company has not entered these markets. It should ensure that robust marketing should be adhered to tap these markets . Computers are not always reliable and sometimes they have failed the company. This is when servers are down or in a repair process. This has hindered the delivery of services by the company. Upgraded technology should be adopted to ensure that there is a backup when a case of system failure occurs. Customer case-service method that DHL has adopted need to be adopted by Maersk; this is door-to-door delivery. The company’s service mostly ends up in a warehouse or at the port of destination. To ensure more customer satisfaction, there is need to adopt a door-to-door strategy where it can deliver products right to the consumers. This will assist the company command a more customer base and be the preferred choice of Logistics’ Company (Heaton, 2008). Although it has adopted a cargo tracking system, the system has taken long to mature. It is faced with an increased technological failure and is efficient to certain countries. The issue of centralization appears again. The system is monitored from the head office thus faces challenges of adequate monitoring; It should be decentralized and customers assured that they would get information about their cargo with precision. Today’s marketing strategy has taken a different approach, this is where alongside computerized marketing customer company relation are developed to ensure that it benefits from repeat customers. The same customers are opinion leaders to the company. Although the company targets the large importers with this service, more need to be done (Kurtz, MacKenzie and Kim, 2009) An action plan to implement the above recommendations Since the company is incorporated and doing fairly well the action plan to be adopted is a business re-engineering plan. This is a plan, which aims to touch all the internal and probably external strategies adopted by the company. It will involve developing strategy that start with the first interaction that a customer makes with a company to the point of del ivery. The process of improving is as follows: Internal strategies This involves ensuring that the company has the right experienced staffs that it can rely on. This is attained through training and employing quality staffs to pioneer its services. Other than head office employees, the company should ensure that all brokers and local branches have a pool of expertise. This should be continuous process. Technology and cargo tracking The company should employ a high level of modern technology especially in this era of computerized business strategies. It should ensure that its online marketing, e-advertising and E-commerce strategies adopted are of the right standards such that it can give adequate information to customers. This need to be improved almost immediately and keep updated always. All internal processes should be computerized to ensure that there is good communication between various departments and sectors of the company. This will facilitate a more understanding and bett er services. External service Door to door service The company should adopt a door-to-door marketing strategy where it will deliver its goods to customer at the closest point possible. This is likely to increase its delivery customer base. Research and development team With the change in the way businesses are conducted, there is need to adopt have a research and development team that is mandated with the task of advising the company on the route to follow as long as innovation and current business treads are concerned. Though the department is there, it should be more robust and include all view in all countries (Kerin, and Peterson, 2009). Conclusion Maersk Company is a logistic company situated in Hong Kong with branches and broker points in over 100 countries; the success of the company can be attributed to its effective international business management strategies. The company’s management has adopted policies that facilitate its international operations; the internatio nal strategies adopted are integrated supply chain management, e-business strategy, international marketing approach, and good leadership and strong internal processes. To keep-up with changes in international market, the company keeps innovating and developing its products and services. References Fred, D., 2008. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Haberbeg, A. and Rieple, A.,2001.The Strategic Management of Organisations. Prentice Hall: London. Hisrich, R. D., 2010. International Entrepreneurship. London: Sage Publications. Kerin, R. A. and Peterson, R. A. ,2009. Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. London: Pearson Education. Kurtz, L., MacKenzie, F. and Kim, S.,2009. Contemporary Marketing. New York; Cengage Learning Maersk Line Official Website. ,2011. Maersk Line [online]. Available at:  https://www.maersk.com/ Marketing Teacher Ltd., 2000. The International Market Entry Evaluation Process [online]. Available at:  https://w ww.marketingteacher.com/the-international-market-entry-evaluation-process/ . Martin, W. 2005. Why Globalization Works. London, Yale University Press. Nagle, T. and Holden, R. 2002.The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing. New York: Prentice Hall. Oster, M. ,1994. Modern Competitive Analysis. New York: Oxford University. Rakesh, J., 2005. International Marketing. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Bibliography/further reading Mentzer, J. T. ,2001. Defining supply chain management. Journal of Business Logistics, 22(2), 1–26. Newman, J., 2001. Modernising Governance. Belmont: SAGE Publications. Sadler, P. and James, C.,2003. Strategic management. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Schweyer, A. ,2010.Talent Management Systems: Best Practices in Technology Solutions for Recruitment, Retention and Workforce Planning. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Ward Jr., M., Glass, L. ,2008. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. National Petroleum News, 100(1),p. 24.

Bilingualism - Definition and Examples

Bilingualism s Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively. Adjective: bilingual. Monolingualism refers to the ability to use a single language. The ability to use multiple languages is known as multilingualism. More than half of the  worlds population is bilingual or  multilingual: 56% of Europeans are bilingual, while 38% of the population in Great Britain, 35% in Canada, and 17% in the United States are bilingual (Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia, 2013). Etymology From the Latin, two tongue Examples and Observations Bilingualism as the NormBilingualismmore generally, multilingualismis a major fact of life in the world today. To begin with, the worlds estimated 5,000 languages are spoken in the worlds 200 sovereign states (or 25 languages per state), so that communication among the citizens of many of the worlds countries clearly requires extensive bi- (if not multi-)lingualism. In fact, David Crystal (1997) estimates that two-thirds of the worlds children grow up in a bilingual environment. Considering only bilingualism involving English, the statistics that Crystal has gathered indicate that, of the approximately 570 million people world-wide who speak English, over 41 percent or 235 million are bilingual in English and some other language. . . . One must conclude that, far from being exceptional, as many lay people believe, bilingualism/multilingualismwhich, of course, goes hand in hand with multiculturalism in many casesis currently the rule throughout the world and will become increasingly s o in the future.(Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie, Introduction. The Handbook of Bilingualism. Blackwell, 2006) Global MultilingualismThe political history of the 19th and 20th centuries and the ideology of one stateone nationone language have given rise to the idea that monolingualism has always been the default or normal case in Europe and more or less a precondition for political loyalty. Facing this situation, it has been overlooked that the vast majority of the worlds populationin whatever form or conditionsis multilingual. This is quite obvious when we look at the linguistic maps of Africa, Asia or Southern America at any given time.(Kurt Braunmà ¼ller and Gisella Ferraresi, Introduction. Aspects of Multilingualism in European Language History. John Benjamins, 2003)Individual and Societal BilingualismBilingualism exists as a possession of an individual. It is also possible to talk about bilingualism as a characteristic of a group or community of people [societal bilingualism]. Bilinguals and multilinguals are most often located in groups, communities or in a particular region (e.g. Cata lans in Spain). . . . [C]o-existing languages may be in a process of rapid change, living in harmony or one rapidly advancing at the cost of the other, or sometimes in conflict. Where many language minorities exist, there is often language shift . . ..(Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones, Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Multilingual Matters, 1998) Foreign Language Instruction in the U.S.For decades, U.S. policymakers, business leaders, educators, and research organizations have decried our students’ lack of foreign language skills and called for better language instruction. Yet, despite these calls for action, we have fallen further behind the rest of the world in preparing our students to communicate effectively in languages other than English.I believe the main reason for this disparity is that foreign languages are treated by our public education system as less important than math, science and English. In contrast, E.U. governments expect their citizens to become fluent in at least two languages plus their native tongue. . . .[F]oreign language instruction in the U.S. is frequently considered a luxury, a subject taught to college-bound students, more frequently in affluent than poor school districts, and readily cut when math or reading test scores drop or budget cuts loom.(Ingrid Pufahl, How Europe Does It. The New York Times, February. 7, 2010)

Consumer behavior a strategic approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Consumer behavior a strategic approach - Essay Example Opportunities The increased environmental awareness of the individuals has augmented the demand for eco friendly and organic products. Moreover, the new range of skin care products available for men has helped to boost the overall revenue of the company. This has also helped to increase the sales of the company (Spangler, 2008). Threats Though the company aims to sell eco-friendly cosmetics, the suppliers of the raw materials do not seem to adhere to the standards of eco friendliness. The biggest drawback of the company that can be a threat to its market position in future is the lack of an advertising and marketing department in the company (Muller, 2005). Companies like MAC, Make up Forever etc are now following the footsteps of The Body Shop by improving on the scale of their scope of social responsibility in business. The PESTLE analysis is given in the Appendix. The present market for the cosmetics industry is highly competitive in nature. At this juncture, the lack of proper ad vertising and marketing of the products of the Body Shop can substantially detrimental to its brand value and strength of the customers. The business of Body Shop is well known in the market for its ethical standpoint. The company strictly opposes to the testing new products on animals. But L’Oreal is blamed for this practice in the market. In 2008, the Animal Rights group have sternly warned the company to abolish such practices. As the ownership of Body Shop has been undertaken by L’Oreal since 2006 with an amount of $1.14 billion, the ethical standpoint of the company is now doubted by its stakeholders (Pitman, 2006). The fall in the disposable income of the individuals due to the soaring price levels have considerably... The key stakeholders and the target publics of the Body Shop are likely to be affected by the three main issues faced by the company. †¢Ã‚  Mergers of the company: the merger of the company would affect the existing shareholders and the employees of the organization. The shareholders would be suspicious about the performance of the company in the new merged position in the market. Rather the working culture of the organization would also change with the merger, this would affect the employees. The consumers would also doubt the ethical virtues of the company after the merger as LO real is known to not follow ethical issues in business. †¢Ã‚  The recession in the world economy: the crisis of finance in the global economies can force the company cut down some jobs, this would affect the employees. Rather the fall in the disposable income levels would hamper the purchasing power capabilities of the consumers. The suppliers would also be reluctant to provide raw materials at lo wer prices. †¢Ã‚  The ethical virtues of other cosmetics companies: this would directly affect the decisions of the consumers in the market. They might reduce the demand for the products of The Body Shop. Considering the initial business analysis, it can be stated that any change made in the business operations of The Body Shop would surely affect its stakeholders. Figure 1 and 2 in the Appendix, shows the stakeholders map for the Body. The most important stakeholders of the company are the customers and the shareholders.